Biological activities of the methanolic extracts of coccinia indica and mikania scandens leaves available in Bangladesh

Abstract

Biological activities of the methanolic leaf extracts of Coccinia indica and Mikania scandens were observed through antimicrobial assay, cytotoxic assay and antioxidant activity through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay with a comparison of IC50 values of extracts with standard antioxidant BHT (butylatedhydroxytoluene). In case of crude extract of Coccinia indica, antimicrobial assay showed that Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli were susceptible at a dose of 150µg/disc out of five tested bacteria. Again, out of five fungi strains, Phytopthora sp., Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger were sensitive against 150 µg/disc containing crude extract. In the case of Mikania scandens, antimicrobial assay showed that Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium for Vigna mongu (RVM), Rhizobium for Cicer arietinum (RCA)were susceptible at a dose of 150 µg/disc, while Escherichia coli was susceptible at only 75 µg/disc. Furthermore, out of five fungi strains, Phytopthora sp., Penicillium notatum were sensitive against 150µg/disc while Aspergillus niger was sensitive against 100 µg/disc and 150 µg/disc of M. scandens crude extract. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of C. indica leaf extract displayed that it was capable of scavenging the 50% DPPH at the dose of 130 µg/ml and itindicated that the plant extract had moderate to high antioxidant activity. However, Mikania scandens, the IC50 value was 125µg/ml which indicated that M. scandens leaf extract had strong antioxidant potentialities than the leaf extract of C. indica. Cytotoxic assay showed that the methanolic leaf extracts of C. indica and M. scandens were highly toxic for the aquatic organisms at the concentrations of above 104.60 and 89 µg/ml, respectively.