A review on rising bubble dynamics in viscosity-stratified fluids

Abstract

Systems with a bubble rising in a fluid, which has a variation of viscosity in space and time can be found in various natural phenomena and industrial applications, including food processing, oil extraction, waste processing and biochemical reactors, to name a few. A review of the aspects studied in the literature on this phenomenon, the gaps that exist and the direction for further numerical and experimental studies to address these gaps is presented.