Efficacy of Dipterocarpus alatus oil combination with Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarps against canine demodicosis

Abstract

Background and Aim: Canine demodicosis is a skin disease that is a major global health problem in dogs. Ivermectin is a drug of choice for treatment, but it may cause toxicity in dogs carrying multidrug resistance mutation-1 gene mutations. Hence, alternative herbal medicines are used instead of the drug, such as Dipterocarpus alatus oil (YN oil), Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf (WC), and Garcinia mangostana pericarps (MG) extracts. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of D. alatus oil, R. nasutus leaf, and G. mangostana pericarp extracts on canine demodicosis in vivo. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five mixed-breed dogs with localized demodicosis were examined. Dogs were diagnosed with demodicosis through deep skin scraping and screened with the inclusion criteria. Five dogs of each group were treated in five treatment groups (ivermectin, YN oil, YN oil+WC, YN oil+MG, and YN oil+WC+MG) for 1 month. The individual dogs were clinically evaluated, and the dermatological lesions were monitored daily for 60 days. Results: Dermatological lesion improvement was predominantly observed in the group of dogs treated with YN oil+WC. This was evidenced by the disappearance of the hyperpigmentation and lichenification on day 28 post-treatment and alopecia on day 56 post-treatment. Moreover, no allergic or clinical signs were observed during treatment. Conclusion: YN oil+WC is an alternative herbal medicine that could be used for the treatment of localized canine demodicosis.