KONSISTENSI MASYARAKAT ADAT TERHADAP TATANAN FISIK SPASIAL KAMPUNG ADAT CIREUNDEU, CIMAHI SELATAN

Abstract

Abstract - Cireundeu Traditional Village is one of the traditional villages that still exist today. Located in Leuwigajah Village, South Cimahi District, Cireundeu Traditional Village has Sunda Wiwitan as the root of indigenous identity. Like a traditional village, there are many traditions, cultures, ancestral values, and rules handed down by previous elders. However, the rapid flow of globalization that is currently happening can have an impact on the meaning of customary values ​​in the Cireundeu Traditional Village. “Miindung ka time, mibapa ka era” – is one of the established principles which means that humans must grow and develop by following the progress of the times while still preserving the inherited culture. The existence of this principle makes the indigenous people of the Cireundeu Traditional Village open to the development of the times. This openness can affect the meaning of existing customary values, especially regarding village arrangements and patterns of spatial arrangement in buildings. The purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of the arrangement, as well as the customary values ​​of buildings with a residential scale in the indigenous people of the Cireundeu Traditional Village. The research was conducted with the hope of exploring what is behind the arrangement of the Cireundeu Traditional Village and how the consistency of indigenous peoples is in following the arrangement. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by direct observation in the field, conducting interviews with figures who were considered to understand the history of the Cireundeu Traditional Village, and searching for secondary data using literature studies from previous research so that previous documentation about the Cireundeu Traditional Village could be obtained. Based on the collected data, it is concluded that the arrangement of the Cireundeu Traditional Village is based on the applicable rules and regulations regarding the placement of the main door and side door. Based on virtual documentation that was traced in 2006, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2019, and 2022, not much has changed. Although the form of housing is not in the form of a house on stilts, the indigenous people of the Cireundeu Traditional Village still interpret traditional values ​​through the application of the Pancawara concept. Thus, it is concluded that although the indigenous peoples are open to rapid development, the indigenous people of the Cireundeu Traditional Village are still consistent in maintaining traditional values. The application of these traditional values ​​of course undergoes several adjustments with the progress of the times. However, it can still be expressed through physical and spatial arrangements both at the village scale and at the residential scale. Keywords: traditional village, Pancawara, Cireundeu Traditional Village, Sunda WiwitanAbstrak - Kampung Adat Cireundeu merupakan salah satu Kampung Adat yang masih eksis hingga saat ini. Kampung Adat Cireundeu terletak di Kelurahan Leuwigajah, Kecamatan Cimahi Selatan dengan memiliki Sunda Wiwitan sebagai akar identitas masyarakat adat. Sebagai Kampung adat, terdapat banyak tradisi, kebudayaan, nilai-nilai leluhur, dan aturan yang diwariskan oleh sesepuh terdahulu. Namun, seiring pesatnya arus globalisasi yang terjadi saat ini, tentu saja dapat berdampak terhadap pemaknaan nilai adat di Kampung Adat Cireundeu. “Miindung ka waktu, mibapa ka zaman” – merupakan salah satu prinsip leluhur yang berarti manusia harus tumbuh dan berkembang dengan mengikuti kemajuan zaman namun tetap melestarikan budaya yang diwariskan. Adanya prinsip ini membuat masyarakat adat Kampung Adat Cireundeu memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perkembangan zaman. Keterbukaan ini dapat berpengaruh terhadap pemaknaan nilai-nilai adat yang ada terutama mengenai penataan kampung dan pola susunan ruang di dalam bangunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji konsistensi penataan, serta nilai adat pada bangunan dengan skala rumah tinggal pada masyarakat adat Kampung Adat Cireundeu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan harapan dapat menelusuri apa saja yang melatarbelakangi penataan Kampung Adat Cireundeu dan bagaimana konsistensi masyarakat adat dalam mengikuti penataan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan kondisi eksisting Kampung Adat Cireundeu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung ke lapangan, melakukan wawancara dengan tokoh yang dianggap mengerti mengenai sejarah Kampung Adat Cireundeu, dan melakukan pencarian data sekunder dengan menggunakan studi literatur dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya sehingga dapat didapatkan dokumentasi terdahulu mengenai Kampung Adat Cireundeu. Berdasarkan data primer dan data sekunder yang telah di kumpulkan, diambil kesimpulan bahwa ternyata penataan Kampung Adat Cireundeu didasarkan oleh aturan dan pamali yang berlaku mengenai perletakan pintu utama dan pintu samping. . Berdasarkan dokumentasi virtual yang ditelusuri pada tahun 2006, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2019, dan 2022, tidak banyak perubahan yang terjadi. Walaupun dengan bentuk hunian yang bukan berupa rumah panggung, namun masyarakat adat Kampung Adat Cireundeu masih memaknai nilai adat melalui penerapan konsep Pancawara. Dengan demikian, diambil kesimpulan bahwa walaupun masyarakat adat terbuka dengan pesatnya perkembangan yang ada, namun masyarakat adat Kampung Adat Cireundeu masih konsisten dalam mempertahankan nilai adat. Penerapan nilai adat ini tentunya mengalami beberapa penyesuaian dengan kemajuan zaman namun tetap dapat terekspresikan melalui penataan fisik spasial baik dalam skala kampung maupun dalam skala rumah tinggal.   Kata-kata Kunci :kampung adat, Pancawara, Kampung Adat Cireundeu, Sunda Wiwitan