Enhancement of cornified envelope-related gene and protein expression by Carba cyclic phosphatidic acid in normal human epidermal keratinocytes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of carba cyclic phosphatidic acid (ccPA) on cornified envelope (CE) formation and keratinocyte differentiation. ccPA-treated keratinocytes showed higher mRNA and protein levels of differentiation markers and CE components than untreated cells. These results suggest that ccPA could serve as therapeutic targets for treating skin barrier dysfunction because of their roles in upregulating genes and proteins associated with CE formation and keratinocyte differentiation.