Structural stability of urban trees using visual and instrumental techniques: A review

Abstract

This review focuses on tree health assessment in urban forest, specifically on the methodologies commonly used to detect levels, dimensions, and location of wood deterioration. The acknowledged benefits to the urban forestry area from the application of assessment techniques are also addressed. A summary is presented of the different methodologies, such as visual analyses, acoustic tomography, and digital wood inspection drill, with the underlined importance of the biodeterioration of wood by fungi and termites.