Role of Mitochondrial Therapy for Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury and Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disorder associated with decline in renal function because of ischemic and nephrotoxic insults. The pathophysiology of AKI involves multiple cellular mechanisms, such as kidney parenchymal cell (epithelial and endothelial) dysfunction and immune-cell infiltration. Mitochondrial injury which causes ATP depletion and triggers apoptosis and necrosis is at the heart of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Pharmacological (SS-31 or MitoQ), cellular (dendritic cells or mesenchymal stem cells), or genetic strategies that either directly or indirectly preserve mitochondrial integrity and function have been shown to mitigate IRI-linked AKI in preclinical models. Interestingly, isolated mitochondria have been recently shown to be taken up by various mammalian cells resulting in incorporation of transplanted mitochondria into the endogenous mitochondrial network of recipient cells and contributing to protection from ischemic injury in various preclinical models of ischemia including the heart, liver, and kidneys. The mini review summarizes the current available therapeutic strategies that improve kidney function by targeting mitochondria health.