Exercise prescription in idiopathic scoliosis

Abstract

Causing rotation and bending of the spine, scoliosis leads to postural changes. Predominantly, the abdominal muscles, thorax, back, and low back extensors are affected. However, it also causes biomechanical changes of the pelvis, shoulder girdle, and even lower extremities and feet. For this reason, a thorough examination of the musculoskleletal system has to be performed for every patient. After determination of the problems, in addition to convenient therapeutic alternatives, exercise therapy and physiotherapy have to be planned individually. In the literature, there are various exercise methodologies, which are named Schroth, Dobomed, Method Lyonnaise, myofasial relase, and side shift. All of these exercise therapies share the same basic principles. They all are based on elongating the short muscles, relaxing the stretched muscles, and using diaphragmatic and deep breath techniques during the practice. Many of these applications place emphasis on specific training and certification in this field. In fact, every physiatrist has the knowledge of composing an exercise program for scoliosis. It is very important to make a good evaluation of the patient and to employ a good therapeutic approach for his problematic segments, muscles, and postural disturbances. It is essential to have experience and sufficient practice in this area, to spare the maximum time needed for the patients, and to follow them up by consistent controls.