Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Antifungal Application

Abstract

The increasing incidence of fungal infections, coupled with the rise of antifungal resistance, necessitates the exploration of novel antifungal agents. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique properties, including high surface area, reactivity, and antimicrobial activity. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis, characterization, and antifungal mechanisms of various MONPs, including zinc oxide (Zn O), titanium dioxide (Ti O₂), and copper oxide (Cu O). The effectiveness of these nanoparticles against various fungal pathogens, as well as their potential applications in clinical settings, will be discussed. Additionally, the review addresses safety concerns and environmental implications of using MONPs in antifungal therapies. By highlighting the advancements in this field, this review seeks to encourage further research into the application of MONPs as effective antifungal agents.