How do I Know That the Jerks I See Are Tics?

Abstract

Tics are prevalent hyperkinesias that are most often encountered in the context of a primary tic disorder, as in Tourette syndrome. Although their recognition is typically straightforward, they often share some phenomenological features with other jerky hyperkinesias and may be mislabeled as such. These include myoclonic jerks, dystonia, chorea, stereotypies, as well as functional movement disorders. Here we discuss specific clues from clinical history and highlight relevant phenomenological qualities of tics, as well as their differences from other hyperkinetic disorders. We also showcase a broad range of relevant videos to facilitate correct recognition and labeling of motor phenomena. Our goal is to support clinicians in their diagnostic approach to tics, including their distinction from other jerky movement disorders. We believe that this will not only improve diagnostic accuracy in tic disorders, but it will also expedite appropriate care where needed.