Chemical Extractions and Sample Preparation

Abstract

The principles of chemical extraction as an isolation and purification technique are introduced. Fundamental concepts of aqueous-solution chemistry are discussed including properties of binary solutions, solvents, solutes, solubility, and temperature effects on solubility. Solid–liquid, liquid–liquid, acid–base, and neutral-compound extraction techniques are described, with modifications required in sample preparation for gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.