The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Nationally Determined Contributions

Abstract

The inclusion of explanations related to indigenous peoples (IPs) in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) contributes to amplifying the harmony between climate change (CC) and the rights of IPs. The existence of IPs in NDCs explains and improves the position of IPs in their own states, and serves as a model for other parties to the Paris Agreement (PA). Nonetheless, not all parties to the PA mention and have the same standards in explaining the rights of IPs in their NDCs. There are different standards on whether or not the rights of IPs are included in NDCs, and there is also a disparity in the quality and quantity of explanations of the rights of IPs in NDCs. These differences occur in the 'engagement form' of Annex I of Decision 4/CMA.1 or elsewhere in NDCs.