Leptin expression is substantially correlated with prognosis of urinary bladder carcinoma

Abstract

This study examined leptin expression in cases of bladder cancer and its diagnostic and prognostic usefulness in bladder malignancies. A set of 128 urinary bladder cancer cases and 24 normal specimens of bladders were employed for an immunohistochemical investigation of leptin expression in tissue microarrays. Leptin was up-regulated during transformation and was identified as brown cytoplasmic granules in the malignant urothelium of 123 (96%) bladder neoplasms, of which 68 (53.1%) cases showed high levels (moderate to strong) of staining. Strong staining was found to be associated with high stages (P = 0.001), muscularis propria infiltration (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.03), lymph node involvement (P < 0.02), metastases (P < 0.05), and mortality (P < 0.03). Furthermore, various important survival distributions were detected with leptin expression in the malignant urothelium (P < 0.03). These pilot results suggest that leptin might be a valid marker for predicting the stage and bad prognoses in bladder carcinoma.