A Novel Polynomial Time Heuristic Algorithm for Minimal PMU Allocation in the Grid

Abstract

Electric grids are now becoming smarter by sensing various line parameters to avoid their breakdown and failure. Phasor measurement unit (PMU) sensors are currently deployed in the grid for sensing the line parameters. It provides timestamped measurements that are synchronized via GPS. But PMU sensors are expensive and costly to maintain. Also, they require expensive communication infrastructure to be installed—which might be infeasible in some locations. Thus, there is a need to install minimal PMU sensors in the grid. Issues like error in sensor measurements and sensor failures should also be tackled. In this regard, this paper has developed a novel heuristic algorithm that installs minimal PMU sensors while tackling the mentioned issues. The effectiveness of this approach is tested on different IEEE bus systems, namely 5-, 14-, 30-, 57- and 118-bus systems.