Factors influencing in-hospital mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19: A retrospective survival analysis

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate survival in patients with COVID-19 and cancer, and to find factors associated with early mortality. Methods: Retrospective cohort derived from a registry of a referral center in Bogotá. Survival was analyzed according to the type of neoplasm using Kaplan–Meier method. A cox regression was performed to look for factors associated to higher risk of death. Results: Two hundred fifty-four patients were included with cancer and COVID-19, most of whom were women (median age 68 years; range 19–97). Cardiovascular comorbidities were frequent. Patients with hematologic neoplasms had higher survival than those with solid neoplasms (log-rank test, p = 0.024). C-reactive protein levels (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.03, p = 0.025), Charlson’s comorbidity index (hazard ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.26, p = 0.004) and respiratory failure (hazard ratio 4.83; 95% confidence interval 2.47–9.44, p = <0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality. No interaction between active anticancer therapy and mortality was observed. Conclusion: In contrast to other reports, survival was worse in patients with solid tumors than in those with hematologic neoplasms. Increased C-reactive protein, Charlson’s comorbidity index and respiratory failure were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. This study reveals the complex impact of cancer and its treatment on COVID-19 outcomes, highlighting the persistent risks to cancer patients. It emphasizes monitoring C-reactive protein levels, comorbidities, and respiratory failure as key indicators of poor prognosis. Furthermore, we provide new insights into the differential impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients with solid organ versus hematologic neoplasms.