Childhood trauma, depression and negative symptoms are independently associated with impaired quality of life in schizophrenia. Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort

Abstract

Objectives Depression and negative symptoms have been associated with impaired Quality of life (QoL) in schizophrenia (SZ). However, childhood trauma may influence both QoL and depression in SZ patients, with consequences for the management of impaired QoL in SZ patients. The aim of the present study was to determine if childhood trauma was associated with impaired QoL in schizophrenia. Method A sample of 544 community-dwelling stabilized SZ patients enrolled in FACE-SZ cohort were utilized in this study (74.1% males, mean aged 32.3 years, mean illness duration 10.6 years). QoL was self-reported with the S-QoL18 questionnaire. Childhood trauma was self-reported with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Depression was measured by the Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia. Psychotic severity was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS). Other clinical factors, treatments, comorbidities, functioning and sociodemographical variables were also recorded, with validated scales. Results Overall, 151 participants (27.8%) had a current major depressive episode and 406 (82.5%) reported at least one episode of historical childhood trauma. In multivariate analyses, lower QoL total score was associated with a history of childhood trauma (β = − 0.21, p < 0.0001), psychotic negative symptoms (β = − 0.11, p = 0.04), current depression (β = − 0.0.38, p < 0.0001) and male gender (β = − 0.16, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Impaired QoL is independently associated with negative symptoms, depression and childhood trauma in schizophrenia.