Challenges and constraints in achieving appropriate working and living conditions for Cambodian temporary migrant workers in Malaysia

Abstract

This article investigates the working and living conditions of Cambodian temporary labour migrant workers in Malaysia. Specifically, the types of employment accessed, the vulnerabilities experienced because of these conditions and the institutional support available to these workers are studied in detail. A mixed method study conducted in Malaysia and Cambodia found that relevant legal mechanisms are not well enforced and the rights of Cambodian temporary migrant workers in Malaysia are not well-protected. Expensive working permits, abuse by employers and irresponsible recruitment agencies contribute significantly to the social vulnerability experienced. Current support mechanisms have not helped to establish appropriate working and living conditions and this has led to an increase in the exploitation, trafficking and human rights abuses experienced by workers. In Malaysia, Cambodian labour is most often employed in factories and as sellers or domestic servants. The latter group is found to be the most vulnerable. Despite indicating that they receive fair wages, many workers do not receive the bonuses, deferred pay, paid overtime, sick leave, insurance, training or promotion, which they believe they are entitled to. The worst working conditions are experienced by unregistered workers, whose legal status is exploited by employers and law enforcement officials.