Radicalization into Violent Extremism II: A Review of Conceptual Models and Empirical Research

Abstract

Over the past decade, analysts have proposed several frameworks to explain the process of radicalization into violent extremism (RVE). These frameworks are based primarily on rational, conceptual models which are neither guided by theory nor derived from systematic research. This arti- cle reviews recent (post-9/11) conceptual models of the radicalization pro- cess and recent (post-9/11) empirical studies of RVE. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between ideological radicalization and ter- rorism involvement, though both issues deserve further empirical inquiry. Finally, it summarizes some recent RVE-related research efforts, identi- fies seven things that social science researchers and operational personnel still need to know about violent radicalization, and offers a set of starting assumptions to move forward with a research agenda that might help to thwart tomorrow's terrorists. Introduction