Optimal tilt angle trajectory for maximizing solar energy potential in Ma'an area in Jordan

Abstract

In this study, the potential of solar energy in Ma'an area has been assessed and the optimal tilt angles for maximizing the collected radiation were determined using a validated model for calculating solar irradiation on south facing tilted surfaces. Ma'an area was selected for this study because it receives higher level of solar radiation worldwide, which motivates the national and the international companies to invest in solar energy. The trajectories of monthly, seasonal, bi-annual, and annual optimal tilt angles were specified. The results showed that an annual optimal fixed tilt angle of 28.7° would result in 0.20% and 16.1% extra collected radiation when compared with that collected by a surface with the latitude fixed tilt of 30.2°and horizontal surface, respectively. The increases in the yearly average collected radiation were 22.0% for monthly, 20.9% for seasonally, 17.0% for semi-annual, 40.5% for one axis tracking, and 45.9% for two axes tracking compared with that on a horizontal surface. The results suggest that adjusting the panel four times a year is recommended.