A review on cross-layer design approach in WSN by different techniques

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) include a large number of sensor nodes that are connected to each other with the limitations in energy sources, battery life, memory, mobility and computational capacity. Since the traditional layered architecture was appropriate only for the wired network. It works within a strict boundary that leads to more energy usage as well as more communication traffic. It also impacts on the overall network lifespan and performance of the system. Energy efficiency and network lifespan are the primary concern of WSN due to the fact that each node in the network operates with extremely limited energy. Recent studies have shown that the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model cannot meet the demands of the wireless sensor network. To overcome such limitations, the cross-layer design has been introduced. It allows direct interactions between protocol at non-adjacent layers. In this paper, we present different types of cross-layer design techniques in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and discusses several cross-layer proposals given by researchers. At the end, the paper highlights some challenges faced in implementing CLD in Wireless Sensor Networks.