Immunomodulatory Role of Cytokines in Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that affects the periodontium and results in the destruction of periodontal tissue. Cytokines are small, non-structural proteins with inferior molecular weights which have an intricate organizational effect on inflammation and immunity. Immune reaction against products of bacteria and the resulting generation of inflammatory cytokines are significant contributors to periodontal tissue injury. In this disease inflammatory cytokines are generated by immune cells to attack the periodontal bacteria. A persistent or strong immune response may cause inflammation and the creation of cytokines that are essential in the development of periodontitis, even though the immune response can defend an organism from a variety of diseases. Clarifying the immunomodulatory role of cytokines in periodontitis was the main goal of this review. Using suitable keywords, relevant papers would be searched in the scientific databases Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. In conclusion cytokines control and modulate the immune response in periodontitis. Covered studies were posted between 2000 and 2023 and detect great variance in patients’ selection, clinical assessments, and cytokines measures. A significant association between cytokines and periodontitis developments was reported in some studies. Cytokines are control and modulate the immune response in periodontitis.