Immunomodulatory Properties and Therapeutic Application of Bone Marrow Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are prototypical adult stem cells, identified as an adherent, fibroblast-like population \rpositive for CD105, CD90 and CD73, and lacking hematopietic markers. MSCs can be isolated from different adult tissues \rincluding bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. MSCs have a potent immunomodulatory \rfunction via soluble factors, including PGE2, TGF-β, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), IL-10, and HGF. Treatment with \rMSCs can improve type 1 diabetes, liver fibrosis and arthritis via their immunomodulatory function. Intra-bone marrowbone \rmarrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) can replace not only hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also MSCs. IBM-BMT \rseems to be the best strategy for allogeneic BMT, and may improve aging-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and \rosteoporosis. IBM-BMT has also been shown to be the most effective strategy to prevent the rejection of organ allografts. \rThis review summarizes the immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic application of bone marrow derived-MSCs.