Assessment of the hydrological and coupled soft computing models, based on different satellite precipitation datasets, to simulate streamflow and sediment load in a mountainous catchment

Abstract

This study evaluated the performance and hydrologic utility of four different satellite precipitation datasets (SPDs), including GPM (IMERG_F), PERSIANN_CDR, CHIRPS, and CMORPH, to predict daily streamflow and SL using the SWAT hydrological model as well as SWAT coupled soft computing models (SCMs) such as artificial neural networks (SWAT-ANNs), random forests (SWAT-RFs), and support vector regression (SWAT-SVR), in the mountainous Upper Jhelum River Basin (UJRB), Pakistan. SCMs were developed using the outputs of un-calibrated SWAT models to improve the predictions. Overall, the GPM shows the highest performance for the entire simulation with R2 and PBIAS varying from 0.71 to 0.96 and 13.1 to 0.01%, respectively. For the best GPM-based models, SWAT-RF showed a superior ability to simulate the entire streamflow with R2 of 0.96, compared with the SWAT-ANN (R2 = 0.90), SWAT-SVR (R2 = 0.87), and SWAT-CUP (R2 = 0.71). Similarly, SWAT-ANN presented the best performance capability to simulate the SL with an R2 of 0.71, compared with the SWAT-RF (R2 = 0.66), SWAT-SVR (R2 = 0.52), and SWAT-CUP (R2 = 0.42). Hence, hydrological coupled SCMs based on SPDs could be an effective technique for simulating hydrological par-ameters, particularly in complex terrain where gauge network density is low or uneven.