Surface Modification Techniques for Polyetheretherketone as Spinal Interbody Fusion Cage Material to Stimulate Biological Response: A Review

Abstract

Currently, spinal interbody cages are crucial for spinal fusion surgeries. Due to the mechanical and imaging characteristics of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), it is a widely used material for cages. However, the bioinert PEEK has poor osseointegration, thereby preventing the ideal fusion of PEEK cages. Therefore, efforts have been made for improving biological activity using surface modification techniques, including physical as well as chemical modifications and surface coating. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed recent studies on PEEK surface modification techniques to enhance our understanding for future studies.