The Effect of Aeration for 6-Pentyl-alpha-pyrone, Conidia and Lytic Enzymes Production by Trichoderma asperellum Strains Grown in Solid-State Fermentation

Abstract

In recent years, the production of biopesticides has gained great attention in the scientific word because it is an important alternative to replace the much debated chemical pesticides used on the field crops. Fungal lytic enzymes, conidia and secondary metabolites like 6 pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP) play a very important role in the biological control of pests. On the present study, the influence of application of air through a solid-state fermentation using three Trichoderma asperellum strains to produce conidia, 6-PP and essential enzymes were evaluated. A mix of vine shoots, potatoes flour, jatropha, olive pomace and olive oil as substrates was used. T. asperellum TV104 showed the best 6-PP production (3.06 ± 0.15 mg g DM−1), cellulases activities (34.3 ± 0.4 U g−1), and amylase activity (46.3 ± 0.6 U g−1) however, T. asperellum TF1 produced the higher levels of lipase (30.6 ± 0.3 U g−1), under air conditions. The production of these same enzymes was less efficient without the application of forced aeration. The forced aeration increased the conidia production, the best value was observed with T. asperellum TF1 (2.23 ± 0.07 × 109 g DM−1). Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].