Clinical and roentgenological evaluation of the status of periodontal tissues in laboratory animals in the application of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

The article examines the clinical and roentgenological changes in the periodontal tissues of laboratory animals when mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are used. The aim of the study is to create a model of experimental periodontitis and identify the characteristics of clinical and radiological changes in periodontal tissues when applying a biomedical cell product based on allogeneic mesenchymal adipose stem cells (AT MSCs). During the examination of the clinical and radiological changes in the periodontal tissues ofexperimental animals with formed bone defects filled with AT MSCs, it was found that the mucous membrane regeneration time in the surgical area was comparable in all main groups of animals. Postoperative gum recession was observed in the control group animals. The significant differences between the clinical pictures in groups I-IV during all observation periods after surgery were not revealed. However, the restoration process signs in the post-resection area found during the roentgenological examination in the groups using osteoinduced MSCs, as well as a mixture of MSC cultures and osteo-induced MSCs, were most pronounced, which is confirmed by the bone mineral density. The experimental periodontitis model, which could be used for assessing the bone tissue restoration processes of a labioratory animal, was developed. Thus, the use of collagen membranes with a suspension of allogeneic osteo-induced AT MSCs cultures, as well as membranes with a suspension of a mixture of allogeneic and allogeneic osteo-induced AT MSCs in the ratio of 1:1 allows achieving higher bone tissue recovery rates.