EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE EXPOSURE ON CHRONIC DISEASES IN SOUTH AFRICA: ADVANCING GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FOR FOOD SAFETY

Abstract

Pesticides are essential for agricultural production, protecting crops from pests and diseases. However, their widespread use poses significant health and environmental risks. This review analyzes academic literature from 2004 to 2024, identifying pesticide residues, exposure pathways, and their impacts on human health and food safety. The findings reveal that health impacts vary by pesticide type, with certain chemicals linked to neurological disorders, skin and eye irritation, carcinogenicity, and endocrine disruption. Even at low exposure levels, cumulative risks underscore the necessity of comprehensive assessments of pesticide toxicity and exposure likelihood. This review highlights the importance of strategies to minimize human exposure and protect public health, advocating for improved pesticide management and regulation in South Africa.