CSF1R-dependent CD169-positive macrophages locally constrain melanoma growth in the skin

Abstract

Macrophages in the skin reside in multiple distinct layers and perform various functions. Here, we show that CD169+ macrophages reside in the hypodermis and comprise the major skin myeloid cell population in the steady state. In a syngeneic melanoma model, CD169+ macrophages encapsulate growing melanomas and directly suppress their growth. CSF1R blockade depleted CD169+ macrophages in tumors and resulted in unrestrained growth. This local containment of tumor growth in the skin was independent of CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophages in the tumor-draining lymph node and did not require B or T cells. Intravital imaging revealed engulfment and ingestion of live tumor cells by CD169+ macrophages. This phagocytosis did not require the phosphatidylserine receptor MERTK. CD169+ macrophages are also enriched in the hypodermis in skin biopsies from healthy human skin and melanoma. These data identify tissue-resident CD169+ macrophages as a potential cellular target to achieve innate immune containment and reinforce adaptive immune control of tumors.