Assessment of Energy Conversion Efficiency in Solar Cells: A Photovoltaic Performance Characterization Study

Abstract

This study focuses on the assessment of energy conversion efficiency in different types of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells—monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film—under varying environmental conditions. The research was conducted to evaluate the influence of temperature and light intensity on the performance of these solar cells, aiming to provide insights for optimizing solar energy systems. A three-month field test was conducted where solar cells were exposed to real-world conditions, with data collected on open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), fill factor, maximum power output, and efficiency. Results indicated that monocrystalline cells consistently achieved the highest energy conversion efficiency, reaching 19.1% at 25°C and 80,000 luces, while polycrystalline and thin-film cells demonstrated efficiencies of 18.5% and 17.4%, respectively. The study found that temperature increases negatively impacted efficiency, with monocrystalline cells retaining the highest efficiency under elevated temperatures. These findings are significant for optimizing solar energy systems based on regional environmental factors. The study contributes to ongoing research by providing a comprehensive performance characterization of solar cells under practical conditions, bridging the gap between theoretical models and real-world applications. The results emphasize the need for innovation in solar cell technology to improve performance in high-temperature regions.