Occupational Stress in Healthcare: A Narrative Exploration of Determinants and Coping Strategies

Abstract

Occupational stress among healthcare professionals is a complex phenomenon influenced by various determinants. This review explores the prevailing factors that contribute to occupational stress and the coping strategies adopted by healthcare professionals to tackle occupational stress. Stress in healthcare settings is highly influenced by factors such as high patient volume, work overload, and challenging work environments. The aim of the study is to comprehensively explore the varied nature of occupational stress in healthcare professionals and its determinants, coping strategies, and potential gender-related influences. A literature review was conducted, surrounding studies from diverse geographical regions and healthcare professions. Eight studies that provide a global perspective on occupational stress among healthcare professionals were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The results reveal that occupational stress is influenced by factors such as workload, role conflicts, administrative burdens, interpersonal conflicts, and a lack of rewards and recognition. These stressors affect professionals at various levels in their career, emphasizing the dynamic nature of stress in healthcare. Coping strategies employed by healthcare professionals range from problem-solving and positive attitudes to emotion-focused mechanisms. Resilience plays a pivotal role in adoption of healthy and adaptive coping strategies. Comprehending the interplay of the stressors and coping strategies is important for understanding their effects on healthcare professionals and their well-being and, subsequently, patient care. The review contributes to the existing knowledge by synthesizing determinants and coping strategies. It offers insights for future research and evidence-based interventions purposes. Recognizing the complexity of occupational stress and coping in healthcare is crucial for fostering a more healthier work environment for the healthcare professionals and improving overall outcomes of healthcare and healthcare system.