The role of exercise in sickle cell anemia management: a narrative review of current evidence

Abstract

This review explores the efficacy of structured exercise interventions in improving physical fitness and quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). SCA is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, leading to complications such as vaso-occlusive crises and anemia. Despite advances in management, individuals with SCA often experience reduced physical functioning and diminished quality of life. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and overall well-being in individuals with chronic illnesses. The review critically evaluates 11 studies investigating the effects of structured exercise programs on physical fitness and quality of life outcomes in adults with SCA. Findings suggest that structured exercise interventions can improve this population's cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and quality of life. However, gaps in research, such as the need for long-term studies and optimal exercise prescription, still need to be addressed. Future research should address these gaps to inform evidence-based exercise guidelines for individuals with SCA.