Composites of 2D Materials and Bacterial Cellulose for Sustainable Energy Storage and Environmental Remediation

Abstract

The ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy sources and environment protection is the focus of significant scientific scrutiny worldwide. Advanced composite materials have been developed to help meet the energy demand and environmental sustainability. Researchers are drawn to the study of two-dimensional (2D) materials/bacterial cellulose (BC) composites for energy and environmental applications due to the intriguing electrical, mechanical, electrochemical, and catalytic properties of 2D materials combined with the sustainability and biocompatibility of BC. In this review, the key strategies are explained to develop 2D materials/BC composites and highlight unique properties of such fascinating systems. The recent progress on the application of advanced 2D materials/BC composites in energy storage (supercapacitors and batteries) and environmental remediation (water treatment, antimicrobial activity, and environmental gas sensing) are explained in detail highlighting future outlooks and challenges in the field. This review is intended to serve as a valuable resource for researchers currently engaged in the study of 2D materials and/or BC for different applications and is expected to shape the upcoming research and industrial applications of emerging 2D materials/BC composites.