From Waste to Energy: Briquette Fuel Production from Coconut Powder and Palm Residue for Sustainable Energy Applications

Abstract

This research investigates comprehensive valorization of coconut powder waste, an abundant agricultural byproduct, for sustainable briquette fuel production through systematic process optimization. The study encompasses three primary objectives: optimization of coconut powder carbonization parameters, evaluation of coconut-palm residue blend ratios, and assessment of storage stability characteristics. Carbonization temperature significantly influenced charcoal quality, with optimal conditions achieved at 300 °C, yielding moisture content of 5.36% and exceptional fixed carbon content of 84.49%. Higher temperatures (320-360 °C) adversely affected fuel quality through increased ash and volatile content. The most favorable coconut charcoal-to-palm residue blend ratio of 50:50 demonstrated superior performance characteristics, including highest calorific value (5950 cal/g), optimal fixed carbon content (80.67%), and enhanced storage stability. Excessive palm residue proportions (75%) significantly compromised fuel quality, evidenced by elevated ash content (40.36%) and reduced fixed carbon (39.69%). Ultimate analysis revealed that the optimized 50:50 blend exhibited maximum carbon content (82.20%) and minimum oxygen content (8.46%), indicating superior combustion efficiency. Storage studies demonstrated excellent stability over 90 days with minimal moisture reabsorption and maintained structural integrity. The developed briquette fuel represents a viable sustainable energy solution, transforming agricultural waste into high-quality renewable fuel while addressing waste management and energy security challenges.