Hemoglobin Wayne: A Rare Variant That Can Cause Falsely Elevated Hemoglobin A1c

Abstract

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be unreliable (falsely elevated or lowered) in certain conditions, including hemoglobinopathies, anemia, lead poisoning, chronic alcoholism, and opioid use. Hemoglobin Wayne is a rare variant of hemoglobin (Hgb) that can also result in a false elevation of HbA1c. Hence, clinicians should be aware of these underlying causes before diagnosing and treating diabetes mellitus to avoid unexpected consequences. We are reporting a case of falsely elevated HbA1c in a female in her early 60s due to a rare variant of Hgb called hemoglobin Wayne. The patient presented with a consistently elevated HbA1c ranging from 10.3% to 10.7% for two years, which did not correlate with her fasting blood glucose levels ranging between 80 and 100. The continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profile was also within the normal range. The hemoglobin electrophoresis technique was used to confirm the diagnosis of hemoglobin Wayne in this patient and the initial treatment of metformin was discontinued upon confirmation.