Bovine Papillomavirus Type 13 Expression in the Urothelial Bladder Tumours of Cattle

Abstract

Bovine papillomavirus type 13 (BPV-13), a novel Deltapapillomavirus, has been found associated with urothelial tumours of the urinary bladder of cattle grazing on lands infested with bracken fern. BPV-13 was detected in 28 of 39 urothelial tumours. Diagnosis was based on sequencing of L1 and E5 amplicons from tumour samples. The nucleotide sequences generated from these amplicons showed a 100% homology with the sequences of BPV-13 L1 and E5 DNA found in Brazil from a fibropapilloma of the ear in a cow and from equine sarcoids in two horses. GenBank accession number of our representative BPV-13 sequences is JQ798171.1. Furthermore, mRNA encoding BPV-13 E5 oncoprotein was also documented, and its expression was also shown by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the basal and suprabasal urothelial tumour cells. In twenty-three tumours, BPV-13 was simultaneously found with BPV-2, a Deltapapillomavirus genus, species 4. The latter virus was detected by amplifying and sequencing a 154-bp-sized DNA fragment of BPV-2 E5. In addition, BPV-13 by itself was seen to be expressed in five BPV-2-negative urothelial tumours. This study shows that BPV-13 is present in urothelial tumour cells thus sharing biological properties with BPV-1 and BPV-2. Although further studies are needed, BPV-13 appears to be another worldwide infectious agent responsible for a distressing disease causing severe economic losses in cattle industry.