Special Anesthesiologic Considerations in Robot-Assisted Thoracic Surgery

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This review summarizes the key issues for preoperative, peri- and intraoperative, and postoperative patient management for robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS). It provides practical guidance for anesthesiologists and thoracic surgeons starting a RATS program. Recent Findings: RATS is a new technological approach to execute minimal invasive chest operations. In management of RATS patients, the established ERAS principles for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) apply. In addition, RATS imposes additional conditions on anesthesiologists, nurses, and surgeons alike: The spatial constriction in operation theaters caused by the large robotic equipment longs for a reallocation of the anesthetist’s and surgeon’s working environment that may vary additionally depending on the type of surgery performed in the individual patient. Additionally, the implementation of a positive pressure carbon dioxide gas cavity in the pleura has a direct effect on patient cardio-circulatory and respiratory mechanics that have to be balanced by the anesthesiologist. Summary: RATS advances by replacing open surgery approaches and will complement—but most likely not replace—video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). RATS brings new specific intraoperative requirements to the anesthesiological and surgical team members that have to be implemented into clinical routine.