AIn Vitro Assessment Of Aloe Vera Leaf Extracts As Natural Alternatives To Antibiotics Against Pathogenic Bacteria E. Coli, S. Aureus, and P. Aeruginosa

Abstract

Traditionally used in medicine, Aloe vera’s components have shown proven anti-infective effects. It has been used for its healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, anti-allergic, and antiviral benefits. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of Aloe vera polyphenols, particularly aloin, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, aiming to explore their potential as natural alternatives to antibiotics. It aimed to extract and characterize polyphenols, particularly aloin and other phenolic compounds to maximize yield and purity. The antibacterial activity of these polyphenols was then evaluated in both pure and diluted forms. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The results demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus, with the highest inhibition zones observed for 50% diluted aloin (11.5 ± 2.35 mm) and pure aloin (13.08± 1.16 mm), respectively. In contrast, P. aeruginosa exhibited resistance to all Aloe vera extracts tested. The antibiotic ampicillin showed greater potency across all bacterial strains, indicating the extracts were less effective by comparison. These findings suggest that Aloe vera polyphenols, particularly aloin, possess potential antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli, offering promising alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. Given the increasing concern over antibiotic resistance, this research highlights the potential role of Aloe vera polyphenols in developing natural antibacterial agents. Further investigation into their mechanisms of action, optimal formulations, and clinical applications is warranted. Nevertheless, caution is advised, as the use of whole Aloe vera leaves may pose toxicity risks