Virus with a Multipartite Superhelical DNA Genome from the Ichneumonid Parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis

Abstract

Virus was isolated from the lumen of the calyx region of ovaries in the parasitoid wasp Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and the nature of the viral DNA was analyzed. DNA purified from a homogeneous band of virus contained double-stranded superhelical molecules which were polydisperse in molecular weight. At least 25 different covalently closed circles were present, ranging in molecular weight from 4.0 × 10 6 to 13.6 × 10 6 . The virus DNA was analyzed with restriction enzymes, and the nature of the genetic complexity was evaluated by Southern blot hybridization of native superhelical and relaxed circular virus DNA and of Sal I- and Hin dIII-digested DNA. The data suggest that most of the variously sized covalently closed DNAs were composed primarily of nonhomologous sequences. The different size classes of covalently closed viral DNAs did not appear to exist in equimolar concentrations. However, there was no evidence from observation of virus particles in the electron microscope or from virus fractionation experiments that a mixture of viruses was present in the calyx fluid. The results from this study suggest' that the virus isolated from C. sonorensis , like those isolated from other endoparasitic hymenoptera, may belong to a new class of DNA viruses in which the genome is multipartite, with each DNA existing as a superhelical molecule.