Autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

This discussion outlines the description, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, assessment, and management of autism spectrum disorder, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Autism remains among the least understood developmental disorder in childhood. However, science has made significant advances in identifying the pathology of this disorder over more than 70 years since it was first described. With this expanding body of research grows a critical need for pediatricians to remain up to date with the epidemiological trajectory of this disorder, its etiology, and its diagnosis and be familiar with its available treatments. This review provides a foundation for understanding autism to facilitate decision-making for the practitioner.