Tiered Memory Management: Access Latency is the Key!

Abstract

The emergence of tiered memory architectures has led to a renewed interest in memory management. Recent works on tiered memory management innovate on mechanisms for access tracking, page migration, and dynamic page size determination; however, they all use the same page placement algorithm - -packing the hottest pages in the default tier (one with the lowest hardware-specified memory access latency). This makes an implicit assumption that, despite serving the hottest pages, the access latency of the default tier is less than that of alternate tiers. This assumption is far from real: it is well-known in the computer architecture community that, in the realistic case of multiple in-flight requests, memory access latency can be significantly larger than the hardware-specified latency. We show that, even under moderate loads, the default tier access latency can inflate to be 2.5× larger than the latency of alternate tiers; and that, under this regime, performance of state-of-the-art memory tiering systems can be 2.3× worse than the optimal.Colloid is a memory management mechanism that embodies the principle of balancing access latencies - -page placement across tiers should be performed so as to balance their average (loaded) access latencies. To realize this principle, Colloid innovates on both per-tier memory access latency measurement mechanisms, and page placement algorithms that decide the set of pages to place in each tier. We integrate Colloid with three state-of-the-art memory tiering systems - -HeMem, TPP and MEMTIS. Evaluation across a wide variety of workloads demonstrates that Colloid consistently enables the underlying system to achieve near-optimal performance.