A signaling-free underwater code division multiple access scheme

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an underwater code division multiple access system where each sensor node independently evaluates whether a channel is available or not without control message exchanges with a central data-gathering node named a sink. A sensor node is able to estimate how large power is currently received at a sink in the distance based on the overheard power at the node from neighbors. If the estimated power is below a certain threshold level, the sensor node is allowed to transmit data in a p-persistent manner, where the probability p depends on the available capacity. Simulation results show the traffic estimation works well as demonstrated by a success probability of approximately 100%, and the data throughput improves in most of the offered traffic region because of the removal of the control signaling related to channel allocation.