SUPERANDO AS DESIGUALDADES RACIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS PRINCIPAIS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

Abstract

Nesses primeiros anos do novo século, a sociedade brasileira assiste a alterações na forma como o Estado – e demais instituições políticas – tem lidado com a questão das desigualdades raciais que historicamente maculam as relações que se estabelecem no país. O aumento na formulação de políticas públicas para a superação dessas desigualdades evidencia essa mudança. Estudos, no entanto, revelam que, muitas vezes, tais políticas não alcançam os resultados esperados. Este trabalho apresenta um balanço analítico das que têm sido consideradas as principais políticas nessa área e busca identificar possíveis variáveis que expliquem as dificuldades encontradas na implementação dessas ações. Para alcançar tais objetivos procedeu-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica, tomando como referencial teórico a literatura relacionada ao campo das políticas públicas, especialmente aquela referente à questão de agenda e formulação de políticas, à ação afirmativa e à teoria dos movimentos sociais.PALAVRAS-CHAVE Políticas públicas, ação afirmativa, desigualdade racial, discriminação racial, racismo, movimentos negros.ABSTRACT Since the beginning of this century, Brazilian society is witnessing a change in the way the State and other political institutions deal with the racial problems that remain very strongly in it. The increase in the formulation of some policies to overcome racial inequalities makes the change clear. Nevertheless, some studies show that in most of the time the policies do not reach the expected results. This work aims at presenting an appraisal of which, among the recent initiatives, are considered the most important policies in this field and at identifying the reasons for implementation problems. To reach these aims, we make a bibliographic research, taking as theoretical referential the literature of policies, especially that on agenda issues, policy formulation and affirmative action, and that of social movements.KEYWORDS Policies, affirmative action, racial inequalities, racial discrimination, racism, black social movements.Since the beginning of this century, Brazilian society is witnessing a change in the way the State and other political institutions deal with the racial problems that remain very strongly in it. The increase in the formulation of some policies to overcome racial inequalities makes the change clear. Nevertheless, some studies show that in most of the time the policies do not reach the expected results. This work aims at presenting an appraisal of which, among the recent initiatives, are considered the most important policies in this field and at identifying the reasons for implementation problems. To reach these aims, we make a bibliographic research, taking as theoretical referential the literature of policies, especially that on agenda issues, policy formulation and affirmative action, and that of social movements. KEYWORDS Policies, affirmative action, racial inequalities, racial discrimination, racism, black social movements.