Analysis of the functional state of the maxillofacial region muscles of dental patients with bruxism signs in combination with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract

Using the electromyography data, the functional state of the maxillofacial region muscles of dental patients with bruxism signs and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was defined. After dental treatment, 122 patients aged 25–47 with bruxism signs and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and without it were examined. The disease duration was about 5 years. All patients were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 41 patients, whose bruxism signs were not combined with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The second group included 81 patients with the bruxism signs and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. When performing surface electromyography of the maxillofacial region muscles (temporal, chewing, medial digastric) of the both-group patients at rest without load the differences in the bioelectric activity indicators were not observed. The indicator difference between the comparison groups appeared when conducting functional load tests that were expressed through the amplitude difference during tooth compression under the functional activity of the temporal and digastric muscles. Such data illustrate that the patients of the first group have bigger functional compensation than the patients of the second group. There also occurs cross compensation of temporal and digastric muscles. It is expressed symmetrically.