Psychology and epistemology

Abstract

The article examines the history of solutions to the question of the place of man in the theory of knowledge and the thinking of epistemological content in psychology It is shown that R. Descartes*8 subjective-centrism is opposed by B. Spinoza*s substantialism and I. Kant*s proceduralism. Monism is opposed to dualian, the principle of participation is opposed to the principle of observation, deepened by the idea of the identity of thinking and being of G.V.F. Hegel in its subsequent concretizatlons. Psychology is associated with epistemology by the need to correlate the subjective and the objective. In psychology, this is a problem of the nature of the psychic» taken in relation to the world around a person, it is sharpened by the fact that the psychic is mvestigated by its own means. L.S. \Vgotsky, S.L. Rubinstein. A.N. Leontiev solve the problem monistically. thinking in the Marxist category of practice, encounter difficulties, and expand its e7q)lanatory possibilities. S.L Rubinstein calls the hierarchy ofways of being a person in the world practice, VA. Romenets continues: the cornerstone method of practice is an act, the dynamics of its components ilhmiinate the history of human psychology and the levels of formation of psychological knowledge. Due to these scientists psychology reaches a post-non-classical level of development. For classical psychology, the subjective and objective are incommensurable entities, for the non-classical - the side of one reality, for the post-non-classical - the side of a person's way of being in the world. The article traces the path of psychology from dualism to more and more meaningful monism, shows that a sign of post-non-classical psychology is the idea of the identity of thinking and being realized in the work of a psychologist, that the problem of the nature of the mental is solved historically, logically and psychologically The statement on the anthropological approach is formulated, the subject of which is the psychic of a person which realizes its being m a certain way and the psychologist is directly presented in psychological cognition. Inherent epistemological qualities, such as subjectocentrism, substantialism, processism, in the anthropological approach acquire their unity. The study ď the path of psychology to meaningful monism is considered as a way to determine the place of the theory of the psychic m the history of this science.