Lyssavirus Spp. – Rabies Viruses As A Still-Present Problem

Abstract

The genus Lyssavirus spp. currently includes 14 species that are responsible for causing rabies, rabies-like and rabies-related diseases. The first symptoms of infection are similar to a cold and mainly include fever, headache and general fatigue. Then comes brain dysfunction and acute neurological symptoms, and ultimately – in most cases – death. Lyssaviruses are spread mainly through direct contact with the carrier that contains the viral reservoir. The gold standard in diagnostics is the method of direct immunofluorescence, through which viral antigens are detected – mainly in the saliva of a patient. Currently, rabies treatment is an experimental form of therapy according to the Milwaukee protocol. 1. Introduction. 2. Systematics. 2.1. Lagos bat virus. 2.2. Mokola virus. 2.3 Duvenhage virus. 2.4. European bat 1 lyssavirus. 2.5. European bat 2 lyssavirus. 2.6. Australian bat lyssavirus. 3. Characteristics. 3.1. Molecular structure. 3.2. Genome and gene expression. 3.3. Life cycle. 4. Pathogenicity. 4.1. Pathogenesis. 4.2. Rabies symptoms. 5. Prevention, prophylaxis, diagnostics, treatment. 5.1. Vaccinations. 5.2. Postexposure prophylaxis. 5.3. Diagnostics. 5.4. Experimental treatment. 6. Summary