A comprehensive review on chromium chemistry along with detection, speciation, extraction and remediation of hexavalent chromium in contemporary science and technology

Abstract

The presence of hexavalent chromium in our environment is a potential mutagenic hazard for the whole animal and plant kingdom including humans. In the last five decades numerous physico-chemical and bio-chemical mechanisms have been proposed for the detection of chromium speciation, extraction and remediation of the same from contaminated environmental samples. This present review is dedicated on the discussions of detection of chromium speciation in various environmental samples viz., industrial wastes, workplace particulates, plants, aquatic animals and food samples. Different physical, chemical and biological analytical methods have been presented. Mechanisms of such detection, extraction/remediation techniques are also emphasised. The aim of this article is to comprehend the contemporary advancement in this field that may be applied from lab to industry levels.