Theoretical essence and value of the financial stability of the enterprise

Abstract

Introduction. The solution of modern problems of stabilizing the national economy, ensuring the social development of society is possible only on the basis of positive shifts, primarily in the aspect of strengthening the financial condition of business entities. One of the important components of the analysis and management functions is to ensure the stable development of the enterprise and its financial stability. The concept of financial stability is complex and multifactorial, which is determined by the economic environment in which the enterprise operates, as well as the results of its functioning, the ability to actively and effectively respond to changes in internal and external factors. The purpose of the paper is in the study of the economic essence of financial stability, its determining factors, as well as the development of recommendations for improving the methodology of its management. Results. The financial stability of an enterprise is a complex, multifactorial category. The philosophy of the definition of the economic category “financial stability” provides for consideration as a reproduction process. This category characterizes the economic relations that make up the financial mechanism for ensuring the progressive socio-economic development of the enterprise. The analysis of theoretical research allows us to identify five approaches of scientists to determine the essence of financial stability. These approaches differ in the completeness of the characteristics of the financial condition of the enterprise. The variety of approaches indicates the ambiguity of the authors' definition of the concept of financial stability. Each author interprets this economic category from the standpoint of the goals and objectives of its research. The complexity of the category of financial stability of business entities lies in its essence, displaying the level of the financial condition and financial results of the enterprise, the ability to fulfill its obligations and ensure the development of the enterprise while maintaining credit and solvency, relative independence from changes in internal and external factors. A quantitative characteristic of financial stability is a margin of safety, which is determined by the structure of property and capital and ensures financial independence and solvency in the current period and in the future. It is this definition that determines such a logic for assessing financial stability as a sequence with varying degrees of detail in the consideration of all processes associated with the movement of financial resources, which are expressed in a change in the structure of property and capital. Conclusion. In general, the analysis of theoretical approaches to assessing financial stability and their generalization allows us to conclude that the financial stability of economic entities should be considered as a complex category, reflecting the level and structure of financial condition and financial results, the ability to fulfill their obligations and ensure the development of activities, while maintaining credit and solvency. It is also universal that the quantitative characteristics of financial stability should be considered a margin of safety, which the company, due to the structure of property and capital, and also ensures independence and solvency in the current period and in the future.