Principal component analysis of integ rated metal concentrations of Bogacayi riverbank sediments in Turkey

Abstract

This research was carried out along the banks of the Bogacayi River in the western part of Antalya in Turkey. We investigated the concentration, average distribution, and level of contamination of the sediments by heavy metals for monitoring purposes. In this study, 25 sediment samples from different stations were collected and analyzed along the Bogacayi’s banks. Heavy metals detected in order of abundance are Mg> Fe > Al > Ti> MN > Cr > Ni > Ba > V > Zr > Zn > Co > Cu > Pb > As > Mo > W > Cd > Sb > Ag. The average concentration of each heavy metal elements was compared to those of the earth crust, sandstone, ultrabasic rock, especially with the acceptable limit for Turkey, in order to determine their anomalies. The concentration of Cr in sample 24 was 19.85 times and Ni in sample 25 was 19.29-7.71 times higher than the acceptable limit for Turkey. In samples 24 (1.87 times) and 25 (1.85 times), Co was also higher than the acceptable limit for Turkey. As confirmed by the coeffi cient correlation analysis, the PCA, anthropogenic activities is thought to have possibly contributed most of the Sb, Mo, and Pb, and led to an increase in the quantities of elements such as: Fe, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Mg, Cr, and As. Most of the Al, Ti, Zr, Zn, W, Ba, and Cu, and a majority of the Fe, V, Mn, and Sn, potentially resulted from a natural source. Samples 24 (Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, V, Cr, Mg, and Ba) and 25 (Ni, Co, Fe, and Mg) contain several numbers of heavy metals, each showing high anomalous concentrations, which are related to anthropogenic sources. The ANOVA model summary reveals the high explanatory power of R2 = 100.00%, indicating that the number of samples used in this study was sufficient.