Solvable non-Hermitian skin effect in many-body unitary dynamics

Abstract

We study unitary evolution of bipartite entanglement in a circuit with nearest-neighbor random gates. Deriving a compact nonunitary description of purity dynamics on qudits we find a sudden transition in the purity relaxation rate the origin of which is in the underlying boundary localized eigenmodes - the skin effect. We provide the full solution of the problem, being one of the simplest iterations of two-site matrices, namely, that each is a sum of only two projectors. This leads to rich dynamics influenced by the Jordan normal form of the kernel and, most importantly, a spectrum that is completely discontinuous in the thermodynamic limit. It provides a simple example of how a seemingly innocuous many-body unitary evolution can harbor interesting mathematical effects: an effective nonsymmetric Toeplitz transfer matrix description causes a phantom relaxation, such that the correct relaxation rate is not given by the matrix spectrum, but rather by its pseudospectrum.