Strategy for improving sustainable cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) plant productivity in South Sulawesi based on land suitability

Abstract

This study aimed to establish land suitability classes in South Sulawesi for cocoa plant development, determine the productivity potential of South Sulawesi cocoa, and determine efforts to optimize cocoa productivity in South Sulawesi. The method used was a mixed qualitative and quantitative. The study was conducted in three cocoa producing districts with different climate types. 18 units of soil profiles were analyzed and interviews with farmers was carried out to obtain information on the actual cocoa yield and implemented management. Land suitability analysis was conducted using a parametric approach (square root method), farming analysis (B/C ratio), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for decision making, and correlation analysis to determine the relationship of suitability index with cocoa yield. The results show that the climate suitability analysis at the location was S3 (marginally suitable) and S2 (moderately suitable). The results of land suitability in Bantaeng Regency are mostly S3 (marginally suitable) with limiting factors for soil depth and humidity. Whereas in the districts of East Luwu and Pinrang, land suitability classes obtained were S3 (marginally suitable) and S2 class (moderately suitable). The limiting factors included climate (rainfall and humidity), soil depth, pH and slope. Overall cocoa farming in South Sulawesi is feasible to be developed with an R/C value> 1, NPV of IDR13,495,268; Net B/C 1.1, and IRR of 15.8%. Correlation analysis between land suitability index and cocoa productivity was not statistically significant (P <0.05). The priority strategy for increasing cocoa crop productivity is the addition of organic fertilizer.